Frequently asked questions

Q: What are nootropics and do they actually work?

A: Nootropics are substances that may improve cognitive function, particularly executive functions, memory, creativity, or motivation. They can be natural, like caffeine and L-Theanine found in green tea, or synthetic. Their effectiveness varies greatly depending on the substance and the individual, with some, like Lion's Mane mushroom, showing promising research for nerve growth factor production.

Q: How can I get rid of brain fog quickly?

A: To reduce brain fog quickly, focus on immediate lifestyle adjustments: hydrate with a large glass of water, take a 10-20 minute walk to increase blood flow to the brain, and have a small, protein-rich snack. Minimising distractions and practising a few minutes of focused breathing can also provide temporary clarity. Long-term solutions involve consistent sleep, a balanced diet, and stress management.

Q: Are there any proven benefits of Lion's Mane mushroom?

A: Research into Lion's Mane mushroom has shown several potential benefits. Studies suggest it may stimulate the production of nerve growth factor (NGF), which is crucial for brain cell health. This has led to its investigation for improving cognitive function, reducing mild symptoms of depression and anxiety, and protecting against dementia.

Q: What is the single best food for gut health?

A: While there is no single "best" food, foods rich in probiotics and prebiotics are highly beneficial. If one had to be chosen, kefir, a fermented milk drink, is a strong contender. It contains a wider variety of beneficial bacteria strains than yoghurt and is a potent probiotic source for supporting a healthy gut microbiome.

Q: How do I know if my gut microbiome is unhealthy?

A: Signs of an unhealthy gut microbiome can include frequent digestive issues like bloating, gas, diarrhoea, and constipation. Other less obvious signs may include unintentional weight changes, skin irritations like eczema, food intolerances, and significant fatigue.

Q: Do fermented foods like kimchi and sauerkraut actually help your gut?

A: Yes, unpasteurised fermented foods like kimchi and sauerkraut are excellent for gut health. Through the process of fermentation, they become rich in beneficial live bacteria (probiotics). These probiotics help to balance your gut microbiome, aid digestion, and can even support immune function.

Q: What's the difference between probiotics and prebiotics?

A: Probiotics are live beneficial bacteria found in certain foods or supplements (e.g., yoghurt, kimchi, kefir). They add to the population of healthy microbes in your gut. Prebiotics are types of plant fibre that act as food for these beneficial bacteria (e.g., garlic, onions, bananas). You need both for a healthy gut ecosystem.

Q: What are the main benefits of calisthenics over lifting weights?

A: Calisthenics, or bodyweight training, offers several unique benefits. It excels at improving relative strength (strength in relation to your body weight), functional movement patterns, and can be done anywhere with no equipment. While weightlifting is often superior for maximal muscle hypertrophy, calisthenics is highly effective for building a lean, athletic physique and developing core stability.

Q: What is the gut-brain axis and how does it affect mood?

A: The gut-brain axis is the two-way communication network between your gastrointestinal tract and your brain. The gut contains millions of neurons and is home to the gut microbiome, which produces over 90% of the body's serotonin, a key neurotransmitter for regulating mood. An imbalance in gut bacteria can lead to reduced serotonin production, which is linked to conditions like anxiety and depression.

Q: What are the main signs of an unhealthy gut in the UK?

A: Beyond obvious digestive issues like bloating, gas, or irregular bowel movements, common signs of an unhealthy gut for people in the UK can include persistent fatigue, skin irritations like eczema or adult acne, new food intolerances, and even low mood or anxiety, due to the strong connection between the gut and the brain.

Q: How long does it take to improve gut health?

A: You can start to see small improvements in symptoms like bloating in as little as a few days after making positive dietary changes. However, making significant, lasting changes to the composition of your gut microbiome typically takes longer, often between 4 to 12 weeks of consistent, healthy habits.